Figurative Language

Understanding Figurative Language in the Bible

The poetical language of the Old Testament prophets seems so difficult to those who read it, expecting some literal fulfillment. Unlike those parts of the Bible which are historical and literal, God sometimes speaks figuratively to the imagination and the soul of the reader. The prophet of God saw sin and “rivers of water” ran down from His eyes. Not literal rivers, but the Spirit of God uses this language to touch our souls in such beautiful, poetic language, so different from literal language.

jesus the vine used figurative language

Jesus, the vine, used figurative language.

About 600 B.C., Ezekiel, in a vision, saw a valley of dried, lifeless bones, then “the head bone connected to the neck bone, and the neck bone connected to the back bone, and the back bone connected to the thigh bone.” (Did you ever sing this song?) These bones were soon covered with skin, and life entered into the bodies. Taken literally, this seems strange, but knowing the nature of poetic language, we immediately sense that this has far deeper meaning. Ezekiel 37 explains that the bones represent the nation of Israel in Babylonian captivity with little hope in that land. Poetically, God revealed their return from Babylon and the new life they would have. Historical writing speaks to the intellect; poetical writing speaks to the soul!

Jesus Himself used this kind of language to speak to the souls of those who heard Him. He describes Himself as bread (John 6:35), light (John 9:5), a door (John 10:7), the good shepherd (John 10:11), the way, truth and life (John 14:6), a vine (John 15:1), and as the alpha and the omega (Rev. 1:8).  In Matthew chapter thirteen, He described the church as a man sowing seeds, as mustard seed, leaven, hidden treasures, a man seeking priceless pearls and as a fishing net. Taken literally, these things might first seem so difficult (and this is why some who do this talk about how hard it is to understand the Bible), but when properly understood, the imagery so graphically enhances spiritual truth.

So how does one decide whether the language of the Bible is to be taken literally or figuratively? The simple answer is that you use the same common sense that is used in any conversation. We always take language literally, unless the context in which it is used demands otherwise. A child is told to go to the store and come back understands what this means. That same child when told he is loved to the moon and back easily understands. The same principle applies when we read the Bible. Historical narrative is factual and literal—Jesus was born of a virgin in Bethlehem. Yet, common sense helps us to see when He speaks of doors, shepherds, sowers and pearls. There is more to be said about this, and next week’s article will address additional matters. This article only gives a bird’s eye view of His life and teaching. Wonder if that bird and his eye is literal?

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Is it Righteous?

“Is It Well With My Soul”

is it righteous then it is well

Is it righteous? Then it is well.

After the notorious Chicago fire ravaged the city in 1871, Horatio G. Spafford, an attorney who invested deeply in real estate in the Windy City, lost a fortune. Around that same time, his only son succumbed to scarlet fever at the tender age of four years old. Doing whatever he could to avoid and mask his sorrow, he worked tirelessly, as well as helping to rebuild the city and aid the 100,000 homeless citizens of Chicago. Two years later, he decided to take his wife and four daughters to England on a vacation. After an urgent matter detained him in New York, he sent his family on ahead aboard a luxurious French liner, moving them closer to the bow of the ship to ease his troubled mind, gave his farewells and promised to join them soon. However, that ship would collide in the Atlantic with an iron sailing vessel, killing 226 innocent victims, including all four of his daughters. Among the sparse 47 survivors, they found his wife nearly unconscious, clinging to a piece of wreckage, and she wired her husband from Cardiff, Wales, “Saved alone.” He immediately booked his passage to join his wife, and as the captain informed him in December 1873 that they were passing over the crash site, he went into his cabin, and eventually wrote the familiar words, “When peace like a river attendeth my way, when sorrows like sea-billows roll; whatever my lot, thou hast taught me to say, “It is well, it is well with my soul.” In fact, the melody of this song was written by Philip Bliss, who was himself soon to perish, along with his wife, in a terrible train wreck in Ohio shortly after writing the melody. For many different struggles and trials in life, whether we just found out that our house burned down, or if the doctor tells us bad news about our health, or the death of those we love the most, these words can come to mind and bring great comfort.

In the midst of a picture of the devastation that God will bring upon Judah and Jerusalem, Isaiah offers this very encouraging statement in Isaiah 3:10-11. It is this passage from which we obtain this very same principle—“It is well with my soul” if we are righteous, and if we are righteous, we can sing this song!

Therefore, we have the picture that the Bible gives repeatedly of sowing and reaping. The blessings and judgments of God are not indiscriminate. God distinguish between the righteous and the wicked. The harvest of wickedness is hell, while heaven is the harvest of righteousness. This is something that we ought to pause and ponder frequently.

Think about some times and occasions when it is well with our soul—it is always well with the righteous:

  • It is well with the righteous in prosperity, because the righteous will use it right as a blessing to humanity for the cause of God.
  • It is well with the righteous in times of peril, because the righteous have the precious promises of God.
  • It is well with the righteous in times of persecution.
  • It is well with the righteous in youth (cf. Eccles. 12:1).
  • It is well with the righteous in adulthood and in older age, because we can lean upon the faithfulness of God. When Isaiah states, “Say ye to the righteous,” he is backed by the authority and the assurance that God provides! This is the promise of God—if we live righteously, it will be well! His word is dependable! Finally, note why it is well with the righteous:
  • It shall be well with the righteous because the greatest problem that we face has already been handled—the problem of sin. The righteous person, Jesus Christ, has properly handled the problem of sin (Rom. 5:6-8).
  • It shall be well with the righteous because the best things that the righteous have are safe (Matt. 6:19-21). Who can bother or rob me of my heavenly treasures? No one!

It shall be well with the righteous because the righteous are well fed (John 6:15, 25-27, 33-35; Deut. 8:3; Matt. 4:4).

  • It shall be well with the righteous because the righteous are properly clothed (Rev. 7:13-14; Gal. 3:26-27).
  • It shall be well with the righteous because the righteous are sufficiently housed—we are living in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of truth (1 Tim. 3:15).
  • It shall be well with the righteous because the righteous are well provided—“The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want” (Ps. 23:1; John 10:11-18). By faith, we can overcome all the difficulties of life (1 Pet. 1:7). By love, we can accept any burden that may come our way. By His patience, I can endure them. Because of His hope, we can rise above them!

Therefore, the only question that remains is, “Is my life righteous in the sight of God?”

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Noah-scape

Noahscape

They laugh at us. They ridicule us. They mock and make fun of us. We invite them to bible study and worship and they sneer and walk away from us. But we are not taken off guard or surprised by their actions. In fact, we expect them. This, because that is exactly what our Lord and Savior said would happen to those who chose to follow Him. “And you will be hated by all for My name’s sake” (Matt. 10:22). “If the world hates you, you know that it hated Me before it hated you. If you were of the world, the world would love its own. Yet, because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you” (Jn. 15:18-19). Subsequently, we “Do not marvel, my brethren, if the world hates [us]” (1 Jn. 3:13), but instead, expect and embrace it! “Blessed are you,” Jesus said, “when they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you” (Matt. 5:11-12). “Blessed are you when men hate you, and when they exclude you, and revile you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of Man’s sake. Rejoice in that day and leap for joy! For indeed your reward is great in heaven, for in like manner their fathers did to the prophets… Woe to you when all men speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets” (Lk. 6:22-23, 26; emph added – DED).

from hatred of men christians find noahscape

From hatred of men Christians find Noahscape.

And so, as for us, we go on our way “rejoicing that [we are] counted worthy to suffer shame for His name” (Acts 5:41), and praying for those who persecute us (Matt. 5:38-48; Lk. 23:34; Acts 7:57-60). And in the meantime we continue to seek opportunities to love, serve, and introduce our persecutors to the Lord God (See: 2 Cor. 5:9-21; Phil. 1:12-13, 4:22).

But what of them? The first thing that always strikes me as being so incredibly enlightening, faith-building, and bible-validating, is the fact that just as in the days of Jesus, when both the pagan and religious people as well as their leaders were willing to go to such extremes as murder in order to reject, deny, and try to disprove the absolute truth of God’s word, they themselves, by those very actions, simply fulfilled the exact truths they so ardently sought to deny, right down to the letter! (See: Matt. 26:45-56; Lk. 24:44-47; Acts 2:22-36, 4:18-31).

The same is true today for those who revile and reject us as religious lunatics for seeking to reach out to them with the life-giving, soul-saving, grace-laden gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. They do to us, exactly what Jesus said they would, thereby completely validating and fulfilling the very truth they seek to deny, discredit, and disprove as untrue. If they truly wanted to prove the word wrong, then that would demand that no one hate or revile us any more today as Christians – and that’s not going to happen! God’s word is true. And ironically – laughably even for us – it is quite often the pagans and atheists who daily validate the very truth they seek to deny as they revile us, whom God uses to prove that truth and the fact that it’s still in effect for us! God is awesome!

However, the second – and far more frightening and terrifying – thing about that for them, is this; that while: “In regard to these” (the “lewdness, lusts, drunkenness, revelries, drinking parties, and abominable idolatries” of the preceding verse) “they think it strange that you do not run with them into the same flood of dissipation, speaking evil of you. They will give an account to Him who is ready to judge the living and the dead” (1 Ptr. 4:4-5). They can speak evil of us and our Lord all they want. They can reject our invitations to study God’s word together until they breathe their last. They can make all the excuses they want as to why they will not come to worship with us. They can deny, defy, dispute and detest the word of God until the day they die if they want to. That is their prerogative. That is their God-given freedom and choice. But one thing they absolutely cannot do, under any circumstances whatsoever, no matter how hard they may try or labor to deceive themselves into believing they can, is to escape standing before our holy and almighty God in judgment, and seeking to defend the indefensible words, and vile and vain excuses they have made in the process. Jesus very clearly and undeniably stated in Matthew 12:36: “But I say to you that for every idle word men may speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment.”

The Apostle Peter concludes his final epistle by appealing to just such people with the story of Noah. We all know the story of Noah. Noah was “a preacher of righteousness” (2 Ptr. 2:5) who believed God’s word and therefore, “moved with godly fear,” obeyed it by building an ark (Hebs. 11:7) specifically as God had commanded. Hence, he and his other seven family members were saved – by their faith because they believed enough to obey – when God sent the flood upon the ancient world just exactly as he had said He would do (Gen. 6+7). And those who reviled, rejected, and ridiculed Noah and his family as they built the ark and he preached the word, were then destroyed when God’s judgment was unleashed upon them. No excuses allowed; no justifications accepted. Rich and poor, young and old, male and female; all were swept away and perished without prejudice who rejected the righteous truth that Noah had preached while obediently building the ark. The spirits of those self-same, self-deluded and disobedient people are even now “in prison” awaiting the final judgment and their fiery, eternal, damnation destination (1 Ptr. 3:18-22). And there is absolutely nothing they can do to stop, evade, or avoid it (Lk. 15:19-31). That’s the way it is when one repeatedly and impenitently ignores and rejects the pleadings of God’s word through His faithful spokesmen who seek to share it.

We see the same Noadic illustration utilized once again by Jesus, as He too sought to use the story of Noah as an attention-getting and potentially life-saving illustration of His coming in judgment. “But as the days of Noah were, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and did not know until the flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be” (Matt. 24:37-39). Those today who reject, revile, and ridicule faithful Christians and our repeated attempts to appeal to them to join us as we build up our knowledge and prepare to meet the Lord in judgment, choosing instead to indulge in this world and all it has to offer for the brief time they’re here (Jms. 4:13-17; Mk. 8:34-38; 1 Jn. 2:15-17), will be destroyed when the deluge of God’s righteous wrath is revealed from heaven, just as surely as their self-deluded counterparts of Noah’s day. No excuses allowed; no justifications accepted. Rich and poor, young and old, male and female, pagan and religious but disobedient alike; all will be swept away and perish without prejudice who reject the righteous truth that Jesus and His handpicked apostles – including Peter – preached (Acts 17:30-31)

And what of Peter’s appeal to Noah’s story in that concluding chapter of his final epistle? In verses 1-3 of 2 Peter 3, he reminds us as to the reason why so many people will become “scoffers,” claiming that God is not real and/or doesn’t exist and therefore can’t possibly be coming back in judgment. They don’t want to hear about (and subsequently have to accept and be answerable and responsible to) the heavenly truth and biblical standard of “righteousness, self-control, and the judgment to come,” any more than Felix the governor did (See: Acts 24:24-25). And so, like a little two year old playing a self-deceived per-version of the game of “hide and seek” (which, by the way, seems completely logical to them at the time), they seem to think that if they cover their own eyes (to the existence of God in this case), that somehow they (and/or their sin in this case) can’t be seen! This wanting to live for their own lusts and self-satisfaction is at the absolute and utter heart, soul, and root of all atheism, as well as its satanic and septic stepchild, the evil and soul-destroying evolutionary hoax. In order to live their sinful and self-absorbed lives without fear or anxiety, they must get God, His holy standard, and any expectation or idea of His heavenly end-of-time judgment out of their earthly picture – or else. And so they try.

But in their child-like and absurd attempts at self-justification, they must willfully, deliberately, and foolishly seek to avoid and reject certain undeniable facts. In verses 4-9, Peter brings up Noah’s story as an example of the fact that all things had definitely and absolutely not continued as they were from the beginning of creation, despite their deliberate and deadly attempts to deceive themselves and others into believing that they had. God, with just a word, had come in judgment just as He had said He would on the people of Noah’s day – there was no honestly denying that. And just as surely and certainly, and by the infinite power of that exact same word, He was absolutely coming in judgment again! In verse 10, the verb translated “will come” in the Greek is emphatic; i.e., whatever else did, did not, does or does not happen, the surety of His coming is absolute, irreversible, and unchangeable. One can deny it, defy it, or fight it to the death. One can deceive themselves and millions of others into thinking and living as if it is not going to happen. They can claim, doubt, shout, cry, write, and seek to justify their position of poison persuasion until the end of earthly time. Doesn’t change a thing. Not one iota (Ps. 119:89). Anymore than the people of Noah’s or Jesus’ day could who refused to listen to those godly men preaching God’s truth back then. There was Noahscape from God and His righteous judgment then; and there will be Noahscape from it now – no matter what.

Judgment is coming, that you can count on. Time doesn’t change it, and no man can evade or avoid it – no excuses, exemptions, or exceptions. So they better start living right and leaving lust behind. Serving God instead of satisfying self. Seeking God while He may be found (Isa. 55:6-7). Learning, loving, and living God’s word before it’s too late, just as Peter pleads with them to do (2 Ptr. 1:2-11).

And this is why all of us as New Testament Christians and members of the Lord’s one, New Testament church of Christ (Ro. 16:16; Eph. 4:1-6) must continue to patiently plead both with, and for, those who revile and reject our respectful attempts at their repentance and redemption (1 Ptr. 3:8-16); because no one – not even Satan himself, despite all his otherworldly power as the prince of demons and darkness – can evade, avoid, escape or out-swim the lake of fire (Rev. 20:10-15). If one does not become a child of God through full and faithful obedience to God’s holy and righteous word (Gal. 3:26-27; 1 Ptr. 3:18-22), and then remain that way (2 Ptr. 2:1-22), there will be, Noahscape!

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Cornelius

Cornelius

Many think morality will save them.  But, we read of the good man, Cornelius, who was morally good, but he was not a Christian and therefore, not saved.  Cornelius was a Roman centurion of Caesarea in Palestine and one of the class of Gentiles known as “God fearers” because of their attachment to Jewish religious practices, such as alms giving and prayer.  In Acts 10, we read of this man who was the first Gentile to convert to Christianity.  But as we read of how he and his household and friends all listened to Peter’s preaching, we ought to ask ourselves, how do our lives compare to the life of Cornelius?  How do our deeds, prayer life, and attitude compare to his?

cornelius was not saved by being good

Cornelius was not saved by being good.

For example, Cornelius was a devout man meaning that, he was a dedicated man.  He knew what he stood for and therefore, he did not fall for everything.  Yet, are we wholly dedicated and consecrated to the cause of Christ?  Solomon once wrote, “There was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it: Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man.” (Eccl. 9:14-15).  The righteous need not be concerned over their good deeds being forgotten, for while man may take little notice, God is sure to remember (Heb. 6:10).  But, do we present our bodies a living sacrifice and do we make and keep them holy and acceptable to God (Rom. 12:1)?

Cornelius also was a God-fearing man.  But, do we fear God like Cornelius?  Now, we should not fear Him with a cringing, slavish fear, but with a fear mingled with awe and profound respect.  The Hebrew writer said, “Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:” (Heb. 12:28).  This fear is a fear that trembles at the thought of offending a just and holy God. To “fear God and keep His commandments is the whole duty of man (Eccl. 12:13-14) and to “fear God and work righteousness” is the same thing (Acts 10:34-35; Psa. 119:172).  But, are we as Cornelius–God fearing?

Cornelius was a good influence in his home.  It says that he feared God with all of his house.  He was a lot like Joshua choosing for him and his household to serve the Lord (Joshua 24:15).  Now, not every Christian could say this.  But, if we are dedicated to the Lord and if we are God fearing, we ought to have a good influence over our families.  And, having our homes filled with good influences for the Lord, we become more like Cornelius in our faith by which, we will also become more like Cornelius in our giving for he was a very generous man who gave much alms to the people.  And, then our homes should be seen as a prayerful home, offering our hearts before God as Cornelius did.

Cornelius was indeed a good man.  He is a man that we can learn a great deal about.  But, listen to what Christ said in Matt. 5:47, “. . . what do ye more than others? . . .”  What do we do more than Cornelius?  You know, he did all this and was not even saved yet.  Christians should do more; we should show that we have a different spirit and we should have a genuine love of God and truth which is accompanied by love for all men and not just a select circle of friends.  We should show like Peter learned here that religion is not selfish, and is superior to all other principles of action.  Let us therefore, be like Cornelius, but, let us also be greater than he as Christians.

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Rolled Forward

Were Sins of Those Under the Old Covenant “ rolled forward ”?

I have heard it said all my Christian life that the sins of Israel were ” rolled forward ” to Christ. But I read in Leviticus 4, 5, and 16 that a person bringing a sin offering will be forgiven (Lev.4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:10, 16, 18; 16:30). Where in the Bible do we read that the sins of Israel were “rolled forward” when Leviticus says their sins were forgiven?

was old testament sin rolled forward

Was Old Testament Sin Rolled Forward?

But were their sins actually forgiven at the time that they offered their animal sacrifice? I think that this is the question that we need to think about in relationship to the sacrifices that were offered under the Old Covenant. The book of Hebrews weighs in heavily in answering this question.

In Hebrews 10:1, the writer of that book as inspired of the Holy Spirit makes the case that the sins under the Old Covenant were not actually forgiven. The first point he makes in this regard is that those who offered sacrifices under the Old Law were not made perfect/complete. If they were, then they would have ceased to offer the sacrifices and they would have no more consciousness of sins. That is, they would not have to continually be reminded of their sins with their sacrifices. He then says that with every year those sacrifices brought to their consciousness a remembrance of sins. That is, every year, they were reminded of their sins. Why is that? They were reminded of their sins every year because the blood of bulls and goats could never take away sins.

Well, what can take away sins, then? Certainly not the sacrifices and offerings that were made under the Old Covenant. Those could never take them away. But some other sacrifice could. That is why Jesus took on a body and came to the world. To be able to offer a sacrifice to God that would take away sins. He shed his blood for the New Covenant under which God promises to take away sins and remember them no more. Hebrews 10:18 is really key to understanding this. The King James Version says, “Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.” Notice also some of the other modern versions. NIV, “And where these have been forgiven, there is no longer any sacrifice for sin.” NASB, “Now where there is forgiveness of these things, there is no longer any offering for sin.” The Message (MSG), “Once sins are taken care of for good, there’s no longer any need to offer sacrifices for them.” Amplified Bible (AMP), “Now where there is absolute remission (forgiveness and cancellation of the penalty) of these [sins and lawbreaking], there is no longer any offering made to atone for sin.” New Living Translation (NLT), “Now when sins have been forgiven, there is no need to offer any more sacrifices.” ESV, “Where there is forgiveness of these, there is no longer any offering for sin.” Contemporary English Version (CEV), “When sins are forgiven, there is no more need to offer sacrifices.” NJKV, “Now where there is remission of these, there is no longer an offering for sin.” Worldwide English (New Testament) (WE), “When these wrong things have been forgiven, a sacrifice is not needed for them again.” Young’s Literal Translation (YLT), “and where forgiveness of these [is], there is no more offering for sin.” Under the Old Covenant there were still sacrifices made for sins. So it should be evident from Hebrews 11:18 that those sins were not forgiven.

So what do we do with the passages in Leviticus that say they would be forgiven? First, let us recognize that when dealing with the Old Covenant, we have to understand it through the New. In 2 Corinthians 3, Paul compares and contrasts these two covenants. In verse six (6) he speaks of being a minister of the New Covenant. This New Covenant is not of the letter, but of the Spirit. In comparing this New Covenant with the Old, he states that the Old had some glory. But that it was a glory that was going to end. He asks, “If the Old Covenant, which is ending, had some glory, will not the New Covenant have a greater glory?” In fact, he says in verse 10 that what once had glory (the Old Covenant), now has no glory at all. Why is that? It is because of the glory that surpasses it in the New Covenant. He illustrates this point further by discussing the veil that was over Moses face when he came down from receiving the Old Law in Mt. Sinai. The veil in this context represents the hiding of the glory of the Old Law. What was the ultimate glory of the Old Law? It was Christ. Galatians 3:24 states that the Law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ. And in Romans 10:4 we read that Christ is the end of the law to everyone that believes. Coming back to 2 Corinthians 3 we see that once Christ has been revealed through the New Covenant as the glory of the Law, then the New Covenant becomes the lasting glory, not the Old. Can one then understand the purpose of the Old Covenant without the New? Paul says that is not possible. This veil that represents the hiding of the ultimate purpose of the Old Covenant can only be taken away in Christ. That means that one cannot understand the purpose of the Old Covenant without Christ. That is why Paul talks about those whose minds are hardened when they read the Old Covenant. The veil is not lifted for them; that is, they don’t understand what it was really about. But, says verse 16, when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed and they can understand what the Old Covenant was about. Thus the whole point that Paul is getting across to us is that we can’t fully understand what was really going on under the Old Covenant, without it being filtered and interpreted through the New Covenant. The Old Covenant contained the types, shadows, and figures. The New Covenant contains what is real and abiding.

Having that in mind, how ought we to view those passages in the Old Covenant that say that God would forgive their sins in offering up those sacrifices of bulls and goats? Well, if we interpret it through the New Covenant and what is revealed to us in the book of Hebrews, then it seems that God did not actually forgive their sins. What does it mean, then, that God would forgive their sins? If we recognize Christ as the one and only sacrifice to forgive sin for all times, then the offering of sacrifice under that Old Law represented potential forgiveness. That is, they would be potentially forgiven of their sins until Christ came and shed his blood on the cross. Then they could have actual forgiveness. All of the sacrifices that they made in obedience to God were part of fulfilling the obligations that they had under their covenant to be in a right relationship with God. Jesus died for those under Old Covenant as well as those who would be under the New (Hebrews 9:15). The difference between them and us is that they looked potentially to the sacrifice of Christ and we look back at the actual sacrifice itself.

What does God do with the sins of the people under the Old Law until Jesus comes to die for their forgiveness? God remembers those sins. God can’t actually forgive those sins because the blood of bulls and goats cannot take away sins and since they continued to offer sacrifices for those sins, they were not forgiven according to Hebrews 10:18. So God remembered their sins year after year after year after year and when Jesus died on the cross, all of those sins from the lives of those who lived under the Old Covenant were heaped upon Jesus vicarious sacrifice. So while the Bible does not specifically say they were ” rolled forward, ” they could not be actually forgiven until Christ died on the cross. So they were “rolled forward” because they remained unforgiven until Christ died.

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