PARABOLA DE LAS DIEZ VIRGENES

PARABOLA DE LAS DIEZ VIRGENES (Mateo 25:1-13)

INTRODUCCION.

La parábola es discursado en un contexto de Mateo 24, en la destrucción de Jerusalén y del templo en el año 70 d.C. Desde el versículo 36 de Mateo 24, Jesús hace una transición para comenzar a hablar del juicio final de la humanidad y continúa con el tema al llegar al 25, tanto que su venida se compara a:

  1. La venida de un señor que examina al siervo que ha colocado a cargo de su casa y a otros siervos (Mateo 24:45- 51).
  2. A un novio que viene para casarse con su novia (Mateo 25:1-13).
  3. A un amo que viene y evalúa a sus siervos, después de confiarles ciertos bienes para su administración (Mateo 25:14-30).
  4. A un juez y a un pastor, que viene en gloria con sus santos ángeles, para sentarse sobre el trono del juicio, reuniendo a todas las naciones y separando a las ovejas de los cabritos (Mateo 25:31-46).

En medio de estas imágenes, aprendemos que la segunda venida es como la llegada de un novio a la casa de la novia, ¡con gozo y celebración! Por lo tanto, el concepto de la segunda venida no debería ser solo un evento triste, lúgubre o sombrío, sino también vibrante y gozoso debido a la esperanza que nos aguarda. Con esto en mente, volvamos nuestra atención a la exposición de la parábola.

virgenes

La vírgenes mencionadas en el texto eran probablemente algunas de los amigas de la novia…”

LA BODA

Jesús tiene en mente su reino y desea que los oyentes entiendan la naturaleza del mismo. En su libro, Manners & Customs of the Bible, pg.376 James Freeman escribe: “En la ocasión de un matrimonio, el novio, acompañado por sus amigos, iban a la casa de la novia y la traía con sus amigas en una procesión jubilosa a su propia casa. La vírgenes mencionadas en el texto eran probablemente algunas de los amigas de la novia…Por lo tanto, la costumbre común de Palestina era que las amigas de la novia permanecían con ella y la acompañaban hasta la llegada del novio, momento en el que encendían sus lámparas, salían al encuentro del novio y seguían la procesión hasta llegar a la casa del él. Así eran las bodas (Leer Apocalipsis 19:7)

LA ESPERA

En el 25:5 La palabra griega para “dormido” significa “movimiento de cabeza, tener sueño, dormitar.”Por lo tanto, al estar esperando la llegada del novio, a todas las vírgenes les dio sueño, cabecearon y luego se durmieron.  Es curioso, que el pasaje no culpa a las vírgenes por dormirse. Todas las vírgenes habían hecho todo lo que se consideraba necesario para la llegada del novio. Su sueño de ninguna manera interfirió con su disposición para recibir al novio. Sabemos que esto es verdad porque la mitad de las vírgenes que se durmieron estuvieron listas para su llegada. De hecho, incluso si todas hubieran estado bien despiertas cuando llegó el novio, esto no hubiera acrecentado su preparación para encontrarlo.

EL DESPERTAR 

Las diez vírgenes fueron despertadas por un grito de medianoche anunciando la llegada del novio (25:6-7). Aunque el momento exacto de la llegada del novio fue una sorpresa para todas las vírgenes—sabían que vendría pero no sabían el momento exacto—algunas vírgenes habían sido lo suficientemente sensatas para estar listas para su llegada.

LA RETENCION 

Las vírgenes prudentes, sabiamente guardaron su suministro de aceite, no porque fueran egoístas, sino porque “porque cada uno llevará su propia carga” (Gálatas 6:5). Mientras que hay algunas cargas en las que podemos ayudar a otros a soportar (Gálatas 6:2), algunas de las responsabilidades no son transferibles (Ro.14:12). En día del Juicio final (2Co.5:10). Por otra parte Mateo 25:9.Hubiera sido difícil encontrar distribuidores en ese momento de la noche, de todas formas (aunque algunas tiendas de cocina podrían estar abiertas, si estuvieran cerca de alguna ciudad grande); las vírgenes insensatas definitivamente llegarían tarde. William Barclay comenta acertadamente :“Por otra parte, en la cultura judía en ese tiempo, a nadie se permitía andar por la calles en la noche sin una lámpara encendida”. (The Gospel of Matthew Vol. 2., p320).

LA BIENVENIDA 

En el mismo capitulo Jesús enseña la parábola de los talentos. Cuando comparamos ambas parábolas tenemos dos extremos con los que todos en el Reino, tenemos que tener mucho cuidado. Aquellas vírgenes tomaron muy fácil el servirle al Señor, el siervo lo consideró muy difícil.  En el mismo contraste observamos (HLM) que debido a que trabajaron para el amo, él les dio la bienvenida. Sin embargo, el hombre que no hizo nada con su talento fue excluido, el amo ordenó que el siervo inútil, fuera arrojado a las tinieblas de afuera, un lugar de lloro y de crujir de dientes (Mateo 25:30).  Mismo principio de exclusión con las virgenes insensatas.

 LA QUEJA 

Para las vírgenes insensatas, que se quedaron afuera, hay una frase triste y definitiva “y se cerró la puerta” (Mateo 25:10). De hecho, el tiempo en griego que se usa en este pasaje transmite la idea de que la puerta “se cierra y permanece cerrada.”  Mateo 25:11 Leer. Las vírgenes insensatas se perdieron la procesión hacia la casa del novio. También  perdieron el elemento importante de la boda judía, en la que la novia era traída al hogar del novio bajo el palio nupcial. Después de no considerar la importancia del anfitrión, no fueron admitidas a la fiesta, la cual se prolongó durante siete días después de la ceremonia.En todos los banquetes formales los invitados presentaban su tarjetas o libreta a un siervo parado en la entrada de la puerta para mantener afuera a los espectadores no invitados. Cuando se juntaban, el ‘señor de la casa’ cerraba la puerta y después se le daba la indicación a ese siervo de no permitir aceptar a nadie más, no importando que la insistencia fuera grande

 EL VELAR 

El propósito de toda la parábola se resume en la declaración de Jesús en Mateo 25:13, “Velad, pues, porque no sabéis el día ni la hora en que el Hijo del Hombre ha de venir.” De hecho el comparó su venida con los días de Noé (Mt 24:37). La gente estaba ocupada con su vida cotidiana.

CONCLUSION.
El cristiano solo tiene que hacer lo que temo que muchos de nosotros estamos en peligro de hacer—esto es, “nada”—a fin de asegurar que su lámpara no se apague. Por lo tanto, haríamos bien en seguir el consejo de nuestro Señor, que dijo, “Estén ceñidos vuestros lomos, y vuestras lámparas encendidas; y vosotros sed semejantes a hombres que aguardan a que su señor regrese” (Lucas 12:35-36).

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Give Yourself to the Kingdom of Heaven

Give Yourself to the Kingdom of Heaven

What do we think about when we think about the Kingdom of God? The Pharisees thought that the Messiah was going to come as an earthly ruler and begin a new age of financial prosperity and Jewish dominance in the world. When Jesus started preaching about the Kingdom of Heaven, they wondered when it would come. In Luke 17:20-21 we read: “Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them, ‘The kingdom of God is not coming in ways that can be observed, nor will they say, “Look, here it is!” or “There!” for behold, the kingdom of God is in the midst of you.’” In other words, the kingdom of God isn’t about armies fighting carnal battles, castles sitting on the mountain tops, or fabulous wealth pouring into the treasury. Jesus said, “the kingdom of God is in the midst of you.” Other translations say it is “within you,” or “among you.” And why is that? Because the kingdom of God is composed of people! That is the fabulous wealth that God sought—you and me—we are the kingdom!

kingdom citizen

Are you a citizen of the kingdom?

There is a practical aspect to this. Because the kingdom of God is God’s people, we need to be busy serving God’s people. In my studies, I ran across Proverbs 18:1. The English Standard Version translates it like this: “Whoever isolates himself seeks his own desire;he breaks out against all sound judgment.” Because the kingdom of God is people, we are not to isolate ourselves, but be part of the citizenry of the kingdom by participating in its activities. We value God’s kingdom—Christians—by giving ourselves away to others!  Why not do that today? Go out and find someone who has a need, and help them. God’s kingdom is other people.

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Is Mental Illness an Excuse for Sin?

Is Mental Illness an Excuse for Sin?

We must be very careful to give a blanket, over-generalizing, one-size-fits-all answer to this question. All mental illnesses are not the same, so we cannot give a simple “yes” or “no” answer to this question.

There are genuine mental problems which exist. Some of them are genetic or hormonal. Some of them are biological or environmental.

There are some genuine mental problems which come about due to debilitating conditions which are self-inflicted.

mental illness

Mental Illness as a blanket concept does not determine accountability.

Some people spend much of their lives indulging in certain sins and as a result become genuinely unbalanced mentally. Wickedness does exact a huge toll, and in some cases mental illness is a consequence of sin.

Some mental problems keep one from being able to make rational choices, while others do not.

And in some cases, many people have cited mental illness because they want to defend their sinful conduct.

What we need to remember is this. We are commanded in John 7:24 to not judge according to appearance. That means we never assume anything about anyone. We do not assume that all mental illness is sin, we do not assume all mental illness is not sin. We do not assume that someone’s mental illness is real or faked, we do not assume that their mental illness holds them accountable or fails to hold them accountable before God.

Instead, John 7:24 tells us to make righteous judgments. That is possible at times, but at times it is not possible. Mark 7:20-22 tells us that one’s actions shows the condition of their heart, but in the case of mental illness are they genuinely in control of their actions? Sometimes it is possible to successfully determine that; sometimes it’s not. God knows all, and he will make the final judgment.

In the meantime, and this is the most important part to the answer to this question, we must always make the conscious choice to always be like Christ wants us to be with everyone, including those with mental illnesses (Col. 3:12-14): kind, compassionate, patient, encouraging. Basically, love them as Christ loves us.

Before moving on, here are some biblical points we need to remember when thinking about mental illness and sin:

Genesis 1:26 tells us that we are made in the image of God. That means, among other things, that we have the ability to choose between right and wrong. If man is incapable of making choices, the whole system of civil law is futile and we ought to abandon our justice system, which would of course result in utter chaos. So generally speaking mankind has the ability to choose between right and wrong. Now, some people are incapable of choosing between right and wrong due to genuine mental illness. However, if one truly does have the mental ability to choose between right and wrong, that person is accountable.

Every command given to man in the bible implies that man has the ability to respond to that command. That’s why Joshua said in Josh. 24:15, “Choose this day whom you will serve.” That’s why Isaiah talked about the time in our lives when we come to know how to refuse the evil and choose the good (Is. 7:15-16). That’s why Jesus told us in Matt. 22:37 to love the Lord our God with all our heart, soul and mind, but then also acknowledged in John 5:40 that some in fact refuse to come to him. Rev. 22:17 says, “Let the one who desires take the water of life”…why? Because we have the ability to choose. What good is a command from God if we do not have the ability to either accept it or reject it?

With this in mind, if one genuinely is mentally unable to make choices and therefore is not capable of obeying or disobeying God, then the scriptural doctrine of them being eternally punished in hell makes no sense whatsoever.

Therefore, biblically speaking, if a person’s mental problem truly keeps them from being able to make the choice to obey or disobey God, then they would not be sinning. Those of us who are professionally trained in dealing with mental problems might or might not be able to tell if such is the case in a certain situation, but we can be confident that the God who is the final judge is capable of making that judgment, and he will do so.

(My thanks to Wayne Jackson and his excellent book, The Bible and Mental Health, which helped me greatly in part of the answer to this question.)

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Rend Your Heart

Rend Your Heart

The prophet Joel called the people of Judah to repentance. He pleaded with them saying, “Now, therefore,” says the LORD, “Turn to Me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning. So rend your heart, and not your garments; Return to the LORD your God, for He is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness; And He relents from doing harm” (Joel 2:12–13). In much the same way when John the Baptist saw the Sadducees and the Pharisees coming to be baptized he calls for them to not just make a display of their remorse but to have a true change of heart.  He said to them, “Therefore bear fruits worthy of repentance” (Matthew 3:7–8).

rend heart

God will mend your heart if you choose to change it.

Many times, even today, men say they are sorry, one may come forward during an invitation song and ask for forgiveness and prayers, but then no real change is made. It may be that one is just sorry they got caught or is seeking to be released from the guilt and consequences of his or her actions. But God wants a true change of heart and life. He is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness.

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Back to School: Peer Pressure

Back to School: Peer Pressure

Actions are often the result of influence. We may be influenced by our parents not to pass notes during worship. Or, we may be influenced by our friends to wear particular clothing brands or styles. Likewise, we may be influenced by God — and our promise to be faithful to Him — to do certain things. But, the bottom line is still the same: actions are often a result of influence.  Many individuals call this “peer pressure,” a phrase that I’ve never fully understood because we can certainly be influenced by individuals not in our “peer” group. While it may not be technically correct, the concept is still a good one.

When we hear the words ‘peer pressure’, we almost automatically think of teenagers. In fact, teens hear the phrase and often cringe, rolling their eyes at the very sound of it, thinking: “Not another lesson on drugs or sex.” Most do not realize that peer pressure can be a good thing or a bad thing.

peer pressure

Peer Pressure is Real.

Without a doubt, peer pressure has found its way into the church. It often dictates fashion, songs, worship traditions, church programs, and even Bible class material. Sometimes this can result in good things —like spiritual or numerical growth. Other times, it can drive congregations away from their focus on God and spiritual matters.

Here is what I intend to teach my children about peer pressure.

Consider the following scenario: A solid Christian young person is asked to leave a gymnasium filled with his classmates. While he is out in the hallway a teacher instructs the rest of the students to answer a question incorrectly — on purpose — by standing up. The young man is invited back into the gym and the teacher begins teaching. Several minutes later she asks the class a question — to which the young man
obviously knows the correct answer.

But, he watches as the entire room stands up, supporting the wrong answer. After a few milliseconds of his mind wrestling with himself, and realizing that everyone else is standing, his muscles finally win over and the young man stands up. He does this even though he knows it is the incorrect answer! This, my children, is peer pressure. Scientifically speaking, it is very real and you will be wrestling with it much of your life.

It takes a strong individual to always stand up for what is right. There will be times in the future that you are negatively “pressured” to drink alcohol, participate in sexual activity, or watch immoral movies. I encourage you to decide right now exactly what you deem right in the sight of God, and determine how you will respond.

As Paul is encouraging the Christians in Ephesus, he urges them, “Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil.” (Ephesians 6:11). He then continues, “Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore…” (vs. 13ff). Do you notice how often he says “stand”? Does this sound like someone who would give in to negative peer pressure? Standing up for right is an important aspect of our Christian lives.

Think back to some of the Bible accounts we have studied. How often did we read about strong men and women who were willing to stand for that in which they believed?

For instance, David could have given into peer pressure on the battlefield against Goliath (1 Samuel 17). Queen Esther went before the King on behalf of the Jews knowing that she could lose her life (Esther 4-5). Or how about Moses, who “refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the passing pleasures of sin” (Hebrews 11:24-25)?

Likewise, we have strong pictures in the Bible of individuals who allowed peer pressure to lead them down the wrong path. Aaron was pressured into making a golden calf by the Israelites who had become impatient waiting for Moses (Exodus 32). Remember, peer pressure is real. Decide now how you will react.

I pray that you learn to stand. Your mom and I are doing our best to help you grow in wisdom and helping you learn how to discern good from bad. But ultimately, the choice will fall to you.

Consider what happened when God rehearsed the sins of Jerusalem in Ezekiel 22. After recounting all of the evil that was transpiring, He said, “So I sought for a man among them who would make a wall, and stand in the gap before Me on behalf of the land that I should not destroy it; but I found no one” (Ezekiel 22:30).

My prayer is that you will always be ready and willing to stand in the gap!


This article is an excerpt from Dr. Brad Harrub’s new book “Heart of the Matter 2: A Second Helping of Letters to my Children”. You can pre-order the book here.

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